From b957af3edb1096c7ebb93e3bf50d3c441d2b5de3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Matthew Binning <matthew.binning@whitefoxdefense.com>
Date: Fri, 12 Dec 2025 14:34:46 -0800
Subject: [PATCH] init: Prove the concept of reproducible builds

---
 .gitignore      |   19 +
 .gitlab-ci.yml  |  105 ++++
 Cargo.lock      | 1531 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 Cargo.toml      |    9 +
 Dockerfile      |   19 +
 FIGLET_FONTS.md |   81 +++
 README.md       |  172 ++++++
 flake.nix       |   81 +++
 src/main.rs     |   58 ++
 9 files changed, 2075 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 .gitignore
 create mode 100644 .gitlab-ci.yml
 create mode 100644 Cargo.lock
 create mode 100644 Cargo.toml
 create mode 100644 Dockerfile
 create mode 100644 FIGLET_FONTS.md
 create mode 100644 README.md
 create mode 100644 flake.nix
 create mode 100644 src/main.rs

diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..38ea657
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+# Rust
+target/
+**/*.rs.bk
+*.pdb
+
+# Nix
+result
+result-*
+.direnv/
+
+# IDE
+.vscode/
+.idea/
+*.swp
+*.swo
+*~
+
+# Build outputs
+build-output/
diff --git a/.gitlab-ci.yml b/.gitlab-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1ddf5ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.gitlab-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+stages:
+  - build
+  - test
+  - package
+
+variables:
+  # Use Docker-outside-of-Docker (DooD) by mounting the host's Docker socket
+  DOCKER_HOST: unix:///var/run/docker.sock
+  # Disable TLS as we're using the local socket
+  DOCKER_TLS_CERTDIR: ""
+
+# Build the Rust application using Nix
+build:
+  stage: build
+  image: nixos/nix:latest
+  before_script:
+    # Enable flakes and nix-command
+    - mkdir -p ~/.config/nix
+    - echo "experimental-features = nix-command flakes" >> ~/.config/nix/nix.conf
+  script:
+    # Generate Cargo.lock if it doesn't exist
+    - nix develop --command cargo generate-lockfile || true
+    # Build the Rust application
+    - nix build .#app
+    # Copy the result for artifacts
+    - mkdir -p build-output
+    - cp -rL result/* build-output/ || cp result build-output/hello-world
+  artifacts:
+    paths:
+      - build-output/
+      - Cargo.lock
+    expire_in: 1 hour
+  tags:
+    - test-ci-cd
+
+# Test the application
+test:
+  stage: test
+  image: nixos/nix:latest
+  before_script:
+    - mkdir -p ~/.config/nix
+    - echo "experimental-features = nix-command flakes" >> ~/.config/nix/nix.conf
+  script:
+    # Run the application in a Nix shell with all dependencies
+    - nix develop --command cargo test
+    # You could also run the binary here if needed
+    # - nix run .#app
+  dependencies:
+    - build
+  tags:
+    - test-ci-cd
+
+# Build Docker image using Nix and load it into Docker (DooD pattern)
+build-docker-image:
+  stage: package
+  image: nixos/nix:latest
+  services:
+    # No docker:dind service - we'll use the host's Docker daemon
+  before_script:
+    # Install Docker CLI in the Nix container
+    - nix-env -iA nixpkgs.docker
+    # Enable flakes
+    - mkdir -p ~/.config/nix
+    - echo "experimental-features = nix-command flakes" >> ~/.config/nix/nix.conf
+  script:
+    # Build the Docker image using Nix
+    - nix build .#docker
+    # Load the image into Docker daemon (running on host via socket)
+    - docker load < result
+    # Tag the image
+    - docker tag hello-world:latest hello-world:${CI_COMMIT_SHORT_SHA}
+    # Test run the container
+    - docker run --rm hello-world:latest
+    # Optional: Push to registry if configured
+    # - docker tag hello-world:latest ${CI_REGISTRY_IMAGE}:${CI_COMMIT_SHORT_SHA}
+    # - docker push ${CI_REGISTRY_IMAGE}:${CI_COMMIT_SHORT_SHA}
+  dependencies:
+    - build
+  tags:
+    - test-ci-cd
+  # This job requires a GitLab runner with Docker socket access
+  # The runner should have /var/run/docker.sock mounted
+
+# Alternative: Build using Docker directly (DooD)
+build-docker-traditional:
+  stage: package
+  image: docker:latest
+  services: []  # No dind service
+  variables:
+    DOCKER_HOST: unix:///var/run/docker.sock
+  before_script:
+    # Verify Docker access
+    - docker info
+  script:
+    # Build the Docker image
+    - docker build -t hello-world:traditional-${CI_COMMIT_SHORT_SHA} .
+    # Test run
+    - docker run --rm hello-world:traditional-${CI_COMMIT_SHORT_SHA}
+  dependencies:
+    - build
+  tags:
+    - test-ci-cd
+  only:
+    - branches
+  when: manual
diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a34baf1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -0,0 +1,1531 @@
+# This file is automatically @generated by Cargo.
+# It is not intended for manual editing.
+version = 4
+
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diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..da82cfb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+[package]
+name = "hello-world"
+version = "0.1.0"
+edition = "2021"
+
+[dependencies]
+neofetch = "0.2.0"
+figlet-rs = "0.1.5"
+tokio = { version = "1.42", features = ["full"] }
diff --git a/Dockerfile b/Dockerfile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7372f2a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Dockerfile
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+FROM nixos/nix:latest
+
+WORKDIR /app
+COPY . .
+
+RUN mkdir -p ~/.config/nix && \
+    echo "experimental-features = nix-command flakes" >> ~/.config/nix/nix.conf && \
+    nix build .#app
+
+# Extract the built binary
+RUN cp -rL result/* /tmp/app/ || cp result /tmp/app/hello-world
+
+# Use a minimal runtime image - no system dependencies needed!
+FROM debian:bookworm-slim
+
+# All functionality is in Rust crates, no need for system binaries
+COPY --from=0 /tmp/app/ /usr/local/bin/
+
+CMD ["/usr/local/bin/hello-world"]
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/FIGLET_FONTS.md b/FIGLET_FONTS.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..57cc87e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/FIGLET_FONTS.md
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+# FIGlet Font Examples
+
+The `figlet-rs` crate supports multiple fonts. Here are some examples of how to use different fonts:
+
+## Using Different Fonts
+
+```rust
+use figlet_rs::FIGfont;
+
+#[tokio::main]
+async fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+    // Standard font (built-in)
+    let standard = FIGfont::standard()?;
+    if let Some(fig) = standard.convert("Standard") {
+        println!("{}", fig);
+    }
+    
+    // You can also load custom fonts from files
+    // Download fonts from: http://www.figlet.org/fontdb.cgi
+    
+    // Example with a custom font file:
+    // let font = FIGfont::from_file("path/to/font.flf")?;
+    // if let Some(fig) = font.convert("Custom") {
+    //     println!("{}", fig);
+    // }
+    
+    Ok(())
+}
+```
+
+## Popular FIGlet Fonts
+
+Some popular fonts you might want to try (download from figlet.org):
+
+- **standard** - The default, classic font (built-in)
+- **banner** - Large block letters (similar to the Unix `banner` command)
+- **big** - Large letters
+- **block** - Blocky style
+- **bubble** - Rounded bubble letters
+- **digital** - Digital/LED style
+- **lean** - Slanted letters
+- **mini** - Compact font
+- **script** - Cursive style
+- **shadow** - Letters with shadows
+- **slant** - Slanted text
+- **small** - Small letters
+
+## Example Output (Standard Font)
+
+```
+  _   _      _ _       
+ | | | | ___| | | ___  
+ | |_| |/ _ \ | |/ _ \ 
+ |  _  |  __/ | | (_) |
+ |_| |_|\___|_|_|\___/ 
+```
+
+## Adding Custom Fonts to Your Project
+
+1. Download fonts from http://www.figlet.org/fontdb.cgi
+2. Place `.flf` files in a `fonts/` directory in your project
+3. Load them with `FIGfont::from_file("fonts/yourfont.flf")`
+4. If using Nix, include the font files in your Docker image
+
+## Alternative: Multiple Text Styles
+
+You can also create multiple banner styles in your application:
+
+```rust
+fn print_banner(text: &str) {
+    let font = FIGfont::standard().unwrap();
+    if let Some(figure) = font.convert(text) {
+        println!("{}", figure);
+    }
+}
+
+fn main() {
+    print_banner("HELLO");
+    print_banner("WORLD");
+}
+```
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3cae1b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+# Hello World - Docker-outside-of-Docker with Rust, Nix, and GitLab CI
+
+This project demonstrates the Docker-outside-of-Docker (DooD) pattern using:
+- **Rust** for the application
+- **Nix** for reproducible dependency management
+- **GitLab CI** for automated builds
+
+## What is Docker-outside-of-Docker (DooD)?
+
+Docker-outside-of-Docker is a pattern where CI/CD pipelines build Docker images by mounting the host's Docker socket (`/var/run/docker.sock`) into the CI container, rather than running Docker-in-Docker (DinD). This approach:
+
+- ✅ Avoids nested virtualization overhead
+- ✅ Shares the Docker layer cache with the host
+- ✅ Simplifies networking
+- ⚠️ Requires proper security considerations (the container has full Docker daemon access)
+
+## Project Structure
+
+```
+.
+├── src/
+│   └── main.rs          # Rust application that calls neofetch and banner
+├── Cargo.toml           # Rust package manifest
+├── flake.nix            # Nix flake for pinned dependencies
+├── .gitlab-ci.yml       # GitLab CI pipeline
+└── README.md            # This file
+```
+
+## The Application
+
+The Rust application (`src/main.rs`) is a simple hello-world program that:
+1. Uses the `figlet-rs` crate to display ASCII art text (banner-style)
+2. Uses the `neofetch` crate to gather and display system information
+
+All functionality is implemented using native Rust crates, requiring no system binaries.
+
+## Nix Flake
+
+The `flake.nix` file:
+- Pins exact versions of all dependencies (Rust toolchain, crates dependencies via Cargo.lock)
+- Defines how to build the Rust application
+- Creates a minimal Docker image with only the application binary and essential runtime dependencies
+- Provides a development shell for local development
+
+Since we're using Rust crates (`neofetch` and `figlet-rs`) instead of system binaries, the Docker image is much smaller and more portable.
+
+### Building locally with Nix
+
+```bash
+# Enter the development environment
+nix develop
+
+# Build the application
+nix build .#app
+
+# Run the application
+nix run .#app
+
+# Build the Docker image
+nix build .#docker
+
+# Load the Docker image
+docker load < result
+docker run hello-world:latest
+```
+
+## GitLab CI Pipeline
+
+The `.gitlab-ci.yml` implements DooD with three stages:
+
+### 1. Build Stage
+- Uses a Nix container to build the Rust application
+- Generates `Cargo.lock` if needed
+- Produces build artifacts
+
+### 2. Test Stage
+- Runs tests in a Nix environment
+- Verifies the application works
+
+### 3. Package Stage (Two Approaches)
+
+#### Approach A: `build-docker-image` (Recommended)
+- Builds the Docker image using Nix's `dockerTools.buildLayeredImage`
+- Loads the image into the host's Docker daemon via DooD
+- Tests the container
+- Ready for pushing to a registry
+
+#### Approach B: `build-docker-traditional` (Alternative)
+- Uses a traditional Dockerfile
+- Builds in two stages: Nix build + runtime image
+- Manual trigger only
+
+## GitLab Runner Configuration
+
+For DooD to work, your GitLab Runner must be configured with Docker socket access:
+
+### Using Docker Executor
+
+In `/etc/gitlab-runner/config.toml`:
+
+```toml
+[[runners]]
+  name = "docker-runner"
+  executor = "docker"
+  [runners.docker]
+    volumes = ["/var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock", "/cache"]
+    privileged = false  # DooD doesn't require privileged mode
+```
+
+### Security Considerations
+
+⚠️ **Important**: Mounting the Docker socket gives the container full control over the Docker daemon. Only use this on trusted runners. Consider:
+
+1. Using dedicated runners for DooD jobs
+2. Implementing runner token rotation
+3. Restricting which projects can use DooD runners
+4. Using rootless Docker on the host
+5. Implementing image scanning and security policies
+
+## Advantages of This Setup
+
+1. **Reproducibility**: Nix ensures exact dependency versions
+2. **Efficiency**: DooD avoids DinD overhead and shares layer cache
+3. **Minimal Images**: Rust crates eliminate system binary dependencies; Nix's `buildLayeredImage` creates optimized layers
+4. **Type Safety**: Rust provides compile-time guarantees
+5. **Declarative**: Everything is defined in code
+6. **Portability**: Pure Rust implementation works across platforms without requiring system tools
+
+## Environment Variables
+
+The GitLab CI uses these key variables for DooD:
+
+```yaml
+DOCKER_HOST: unix:///var/run/docker.sock  # Use host's Docker daemon
+DOCKER_TLS_CERTDIR: ""                    # Disable TLS for local socket
+```
+
+## Troubleshooting
+
+### "Cannot connect to Docker daemon"
+- Ensure the runner has `/var/run/docker.sock` mounted
+- Check socket permissions on the host
+- Verify the Docker daemon is running on the host
+
+### "Permission denied" on Docker socket
+- The container user needs access to the socket
+- Add the container user to the `docker` group on the host, or
+- Change socket permissions (less secure)
+
+### Nix build fails
+- Ensure experimental features are enabled in `nix.conf`
+- Check that `Cargo.lock` is generated before building
+- Verify network access for downloading dependencies
+
+## Alternative: Docker-in-Docker
+
+If you prefer Docker-in-Docker instead of DooD, modify the CI config:
+
+```yaml
+services:
+  - docker:dind
+
+variables:
+  DOCKER_HOST: tcp://docker:2376
+  DOCKER_TLS_CERTDIR: "/certs"
+```
+
+Note: DinD requires `privileged: true` in the runner config and has performance implications.
+
+## License
+
+MIT
diff --git a/flake.nix b/flake.nix
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..08d19d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/flake.nix
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+{
+  description = "Hello World Rust application with neofetch and banner";
+
+  inputs = {
+    nixpkgs.url = "github:NixOS/nixpkgs/nixos-23.11";
+    rust-overlay = {
+      url = "github:oxalica/rust-overlay";
+      inputs.nixpkgs.follows = "nixpkgs";
+    };
+    flake-utils.url = "github:numtide/flake-utils";
+  };
+
+  outputs = { self, nixpkgs, rust-overlay, flake-utils }:
+    flake-utils.lib.eachDefaultSystem (system:
+      let
+        overlays = [ (import rust-overlay) ];
+        pkgs = import nixpkgs {
+          inherit system overlays;
+        };
+        
+        rustToolchain = pkgs.rust-bin.stable.latest.default.override {
+          extensions = [ "rust-src" ];
+        };
+
+        # Build the Rust application
+        rustApp = pkgs.rustPlatform.buildRustPackage {
+          pname = "hello-world";
+          version = "0.1.0";
+          src = ./.;
+          cargoLock = {
+            lockFile = ./Cargo.lock;
+          };
+          nativeBuildInputs = [ rustToolchain ];
+          buildInputs = [
+            pkgs.xorg.libxcb
+          ];
+        };
+
+        # Create a Docker image with the app and dependencies
+        dockerImage = pkgs.dockerTools.buildLayeredImage {
+          name = "hello-world";
+          tag = "latest";
+          
+          contents = [
+            rustApp
+            pkgs.bashInteractive
+            pkgs.coreutils
+          ];
+          
+          config = {
+            Cmd = [ "${rustApp}/bin/hello-world" ];
+            Env = [
+              "PATH=/bin"
+            ];
+          };
+        };
+        
+      in
+      {
+        packages = {
+          default = rustApp;
+          app = rustApp;
+          docker = dockerImage;
+        };
+
+        devShells.default = pkgs.mkShell {
+          buildInputs = [
+            rustToolchain
+            pkgs.rust-analyzer
+            pkgs.docker
+            pkgs.xorg.libxcb
+          ];
+          
+          shellHook = ''
+            echo "Rust development environment loaded!"
+            echo "Rust version: $(rustc --version)"
+          '';
+        };
+      }
+    );
+}
diff --git a/src/main.rs b/src/main.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7158e64
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+use figlet_rs::FIGfont;
+use neofetch::Neofetch;
+
+#[tokio::main]
+async fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+    // Create ASCII art banner using figlet-rs
+    println!("\n");
+    let font = FIGfont::standard()?;
+    if let Some(figure) = font.convert("HELLO") {
+        println!("{}", figure);
+    }
+    
+    println!("\n=== System Information ===\n");
+    
+    // Get system information using neofetch crate
+    let neofetch = Neofetch::new().await;
+    
+    // Display system information
+    if let Ok(os) = &neofetch.os {
+        println!("OS: {}", os);
+    }
+    
+    if let Ok(host) = &neofetch.host {
+        println!("Host: {}", host);
+    }
+    
+    if let Ok(kernel) = &neofetch.kernel {
+        println!("Kernel: {}", kernel);
+    }
+    
+    if let Ok(uptime) = &neofetch.uptime {
+        println!("Uptime: {}", uptime);
+    }
+    
+    if let Ok(shell) = &neofetch.shell {
+        println!("Shell: {}", shell);
+    }
+    
+    if let Ok(terminal) = &neofetch.terminal {
+        println!("Terminal: {}", terminal);
+    }
+    
+    if let Ok(cpu) = &neofetch.cpu {
+        println!("CPU: {:?}", cpu);
+    }
+    
+    if let Some(gpu) = &neofetch.gpu {
+        println!("GPU: {:?}", gpu);
+    }
+    
+    if let Ok(memory) = &neofetch.memory {
+        println!("Memory: {}", memory);
+    }
+    
+    println!("\n=== Done! ===\n");
+    
+    Ok(())
+}